A
Adipose tissue (add-ih-POS-e) Fat
tissue in the body.
Atherosclerosis A type of "hardening
of the arteries" in which cholesterol, fat, and
other blood components build up on the inner lining
of arteries. As atherosclerosis progresses, the arteries
to the heart may narrow so that oxygen-rich blood
and nutrients have difficulty reaching the heart.
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B
Bariatric Surgery (bear-ee-AT-ric) Surgery
on the stomach and/or intestines to help the patient
with extreme obesity lose weight. Bariatric surgery
is a weight-loss method used for people who have a
body mass index (BMI) above 40. Surgery may also be
an option for people with a BMI between 35 and 40
who have health problems like heart disease or type
2 diabetes.
Bioelectrical
Impedance Analysis (BIA) (im-PEE-dance) A
way to estimate the amount of body weight that is
fat and nonfat. Nonfat weight comes from bone, muscle,
body water, organs, and other body tissues. BIA works
by measuring how difficult it is for a harmless electrical
current to move through the body. The more fat a person
has, the harder it is for electricity to flow through
the body. The less fat a person has, the easier it
is for electricity to flow through the body. By measuring
the flow of electricity, one can estimate body fat
percent.
Body Mass Index (BMI) A measure
of body weight relative to height. BMI can be used
to determine if people are at a healthy weight, overweight,
or obese. A body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 up to 25
refers to a healthy weight, a BMI of 25 up to 30 refers
to overweight and a BMI of 30 or higher refers to
obese.
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C
Calorie (CAL-or-ee) A unit of energy
in food. Foods have carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
Some beverages have alcohol. Carbohydrates have 4
calories per gram. Proteins have 4 calories per gram.
Alcohol has 7 calories per gram. Fat has 9 calories
per gram.
Carbohydrate
(kar-bow-HIGH-drate) A major source of energy
in the diet. There are two kinds of carbohydrates
-@ simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
Simple carbohydrates are sugars and complex carbohydrates
include both starches and fiber. Carbohydrates have
4 calories per gram. In nature, both the simple sugars
and the complex starches come packaged in foods like
oranges, apples, corn, wheat, and milk. Refined or
processed carbohydrates are found in cookies, cakes,
and pies.
Complex
Carbohydrate Starch and fiber. Complex carbohydrate
comes from plants. When complex carbohydrate is substituted
for saturated fat, the saturated fat reduction helps
lower blood cholesterol. Foods high in starch include
breads, cereals, pasts, rice, dried beans and peas,
corn, and lima beans.
Cholesterol
(ko-LES-te-rol) A fat-like substance that
is made by the body and is found naturally in animal
foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy
products. Foods high in cholesterol include liver
and organ meats, egg yolks, and dairy fats. Cholesterol
is carried in the blood. When cholesterol levels are
too high, some of the cholesterol is deposited on
the walls of the blood vessels. Over time, the deposits
can build up causing the blood vessels to narrow and
blood flow to decrease. The cholesterol in food, like
saturated fat, tends to raise blood cholesterol, which
increases the risk for heart disease. Total blood
cholesterol levels above 240 mg/dl are considered
high. Levels between 200-239 mg/dl are considered
borderline high. Levels under 200 mg/dl are considered
desirable.
Blood
Cholesterol - Cholesterol that is manufactured
in the liver and absorbed from the food you eat and
is carried in the blood for use by all parts of the
body. A high level of blood cholesterol leads to atherosclerosis
and coronary heart disease.
Dietary
Cholesterol - Cholesterol that is in the
food you eat. It is present only in foods of animal
origin, not in foods of plant origin. Dietary cholesterol,
like saturated fat, tends to raise blood cholesterol,
which increases the risk for heart disease.
Coronary
Heart Disease Heart ailment caused by narrowing
of the coronary arteries (arteries that supply oxygen
and nutrients directly to the heart muscle). Coronary
heart disease is caused by atherosclerosis, which
decreases the blood supply to the heart muscle. The
inadequate supply of oxygen-rich blood and nutrients
may damage the heart muscle and can lead to chest
pain, heart attack, and death.
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D
Diabetes Mellitus (dye-uh-BEE-teez) A disease
that occurs when the body is not able to use blood
glucose (sugar). Blood sugar levels are controlled
by insulin, a hormone in the body that helps move
glucose (sugar) from the blood to muscles and other
tissues. Diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not
make enough insulin or the body does not respond to
the insulin that is made. There are two main types
of diabetes mellitus: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes.
[See definitions]
Diet
What a person eats and drinks. Any type of
eating plan.
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